Regulating Deepfakes to Protect Indian Elections

Abstract

Deepfake technology, which uses AI to realistically swap people's faces and voices in video and audio, has significant potential to spread misinformation. This poses a major threat to the integrity of elections worldwide, including in India. Recent Indian elections have already seen massive disinformation campaigns on social media. Deepfakes take this to the next level by making fabricated audio and video seem real. If unchecked, deepfakes could undermine trust in the entire electoral process. This paper examines the need for proactive regulations on deepfakes in the context of Indian elections. It provides background on how deepfakes are created using generative adversarial networks. While deepfakes have some positive applications, their potential for abuse is high. The paper documents examples of deepfakes affecting elections and politics in places like Gabon and the US. Though no documented cases have occurred yet in India, experts warn it is only a matter of time. The paper argues that all major political parties in India need to cooperate in passing laws on deepfakes before they irreparably damage the country's elections. Suggested regulations include mandatory disclosures if publishing a doctored video, restrictions on deepfake use close to election dates, and reviewing platform policies. However, the regulations must balance free speech concerns. Further, social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have a vital role to play in the detection and removal of harmful deepfakes. In conclusion, deepfakes present an unprecedented challenge to Indian democracy. With care and foresight, regulations on their use during election campaigns can mitigate the risk. Cross-party cooperation is essential for effective policies that preserve the integrity of India's elections in the digital age. But action is urgently needed before deepfakes become entrenched as just another political tactic.